Ninth Circuit Creates a Legal Fiction to Uphold Recovery of an Unauthorized Transfer
Ninth Circuit assumed that transferred property must remain property of the estate after conversion from ‘13’ to ‘7’ before the chapter 7 trustee can avoid an unauthorized transfer under Section 549.
Second Circuit Defines a Prohibited Double Recovery on Fraudulent Transfers
There is no prohibited double recovery from multiple defendants, the appeals courts says, until the trustee has recovered cash equaling the value of the fraudulently transferred property.
‘Earmarking’ Only Applies When a Debtor Receives a Loan from a Third Party
Money taken from a debtor’s own retirement account to pay a creditor does not qualify for the earmarking defense, Chief Judge Fehling says.